Audiology - Communication Research
https://www.audiolcommres.org.br/article/doi/10.1590/2317-6431-2024-2948pt
Audiology - Communication Research
Revisão de Literatura

Investigação sobre as propostas de reabilitação do equilíbrio corporal no transtorno do espectro autista: revisão integrativa de literatura

Investigation about proposals for rehabilitation of body balance in autism spectrum disorder: integrative literature review

Nathana da Graça Sartori Rodrigues; Ellen Aguirre de Melo; Valdete Alves Valentins dos Santos-Filha

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Resumo

Objetivos: revisar a literatura nacional e internacional a respeito das propostas para reabilitar/treinar o equilíbrio postural em sujeitos com transtorno do espectro autista e verificar a atuação do fonoaudiólogo na referida área.

Estratégia de pesquisa: foram realizadas buscas nas bases BVS, MEDLINE e Scopus, utilizando-se os descritores transtorno do espectro autista, equilíbrio postural e reabilitação.

Critérios de seleção: artigos de periódicos nacionais e internacionais em inglês, espanhol e português. Foram excluídos os trabalhos que não se enquadrassem no tema, versassem apenas sobre avaliação do equilíbrio, mencionassem outras doenças/déficits associados ao transtorno e aqueles não disponíveis para leitura. Analisaram-se as amostras, objetivos, instrumentos/métodos/técnicas de avaliação e de reabilitação do equilíbrio, balizadores terapêuticos, profissionais envolvidos e principais resultados.

Resultados: foram recuperados 53 artigos e selecionados 12 para leitura integral. Identificou-se importante variedade de propostas de reabilitação/treinamento do equilíbrio para crianças/adolescentes, baseadas em abordagens de atividades físicas e treinos motores. Todas elas propiciaram melhorias e foram conduzidas por fisioterapeutas, terapeutas ocupacionais e educadores físicos.

Conclusão: Embora seja uma temática pouco explorada pela comunidade científica, existe uma variada gama de propostas exequíveis de reabilitação/treinamento do equilíbrio postural em sujeitos com transtorno do espectro autista, passíveis de adaptações e reprodução nos contextos clínicos brasileiros. As pesquisas não incluíram o fonoaudiólogo no processo de avaliação do equilíbrio postural e, tampouco, na etapa de reabilitação/treinamento, embora a sua atuação seja imprescindível para o cuidado integral e sucesso terapêutico.

Palavras-chave

Transtorno do espectro autista; Equilíbrio postural; Reabilitação; Movimento; Revisão

Abstract

Purpose: The present study aimed to review the national and international literature regarding proposals to rehabilitate/train postural balance in subjects with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and verify the speech therapist’s performance in that area.

Research strategy: searches were carried out in the VHL, MedLine and Scopus databases using the descriptors autism spectrum disorder, postural balance and rehabilitation. Selection criteria: articles published in national and international journals in English, Spanish and Portuguese. Studies not addressing the subject, that only dealt with the assessment of postural balance, that reported other syndromes and/or sensory impairments associated with ASD and those unavailable for reading were excluded. The investigators evaluated the samples, objectives, instruments/ methods/techniques for assessment and rehabilitation of postural balance, therapeutic guidelines, professionals involved and main results obtained.

Results: 53 articles were retrieved, 12 being selected for full reading. A variety of rehabilitation/balance training proposals for children and adolescents are identified, based on physical activity approaches and motor exercises. Improvement was observed in all proposed interventions, carried out by Physiotherapists, Occupational Therapists and Physical Educators.

Conclusion: From the reviewed studies analyzed, it was concluded that, although it is a topic little explored by the scientific community, there is a wide range of feasible proposals for rehabilitation/training of postural balance in subjects with Autism Spectrum Disorder, capable of adaptation and reproduction in Brazilian clinical contexts. Even so, we point out that the research did not include the Speech Therapist in the postural balance assessment process, nor in the rehabilitation/training stage, although their role is necessary for comprehensive care and therapeutic success.

Keywords

Autism spectrum disorder; Postural balance; Rehabilitation; Movement; Review

Referências

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Submetido em:
12/06/2024

Aceito em:
23/02/2025

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